Tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family. It is an annual plant. Growth stages of plants, in very general terms, can be split into four periods: Establishment from planting or seeding during vegetative growth until first flower appears, from first flowering to first fruit set, from fruit ripening to first harvest, and from first harvest to the end of the last harvest. The duration of each stage may vary according to growing method, variety characteristics and climatic conditions. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable in the world and with the most economical value.
Temperature is the primary factor influencing all stages of development of the plant: vegetative growth, flowering, fruit setting and fruit ripening. It adapts to a great variety of climates. It does not tolerate frost: at temperatures below 12ºC, the vegetative activity is paralyzed. The optimum temperatures for growth are from 18º to the 27ºC. Outside this range the production can be seriously affected.
Optimum relative humidity ranges from 60% to 80%.
Tomatoes can be grown on soils with a wide range of textures, from light, sandy soils to heavy, clay soils. Sandy soils are preferable if early harvest is desired.
The optimum level is is between 6.0 – 6.5, tolerating up to 5.5.
The optimum amounts of CO2 700-800 ppm.
Among the total amount of nutrient uptake, fruits absorbs most of the Nitrogen (65%), Phosphorus (70%) and Potassium (65%), the leaves and petioles being the ones that accumulate the most amount of Calcium (76%) and Magnesium (60%).
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